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GAULTIER DE LA VÉRENDRYE, JEAN-BAPTISTE (he also signed La Verendrye), eldest son of Pierre Gaultier* de La Vérendrye and Marie-Anne Dandonneau; b. 3 Sept. 1713 on Île Dupas, baptized there two days later in the church of the Visitation, the event being recorded in the register of Saint-Pierre at Sorel, the only parish in the region to have a resident priest at that time; d. 6 June 1736, a bachelor.

Jean-Baptiste’s name is to be found in a “list of 28 cadets commissioned by the court in 1731, and whose pay is to begin on 1 Jan. 1732.” Therefore, as was customary, he must have received military training at Montreal before that date, and doubtless he was partly educated there.

In 1731 he was a member of the first team to head west under his father’s command. On 19 April he hired men for the expedition west, and on 28 April, with Nicolas Sarrazin, an ironsmith and armourer, and merchant Laurent-Eustache Gamelin, dit Châteauvieux, he formed one of four secondary companies set up for the purpose of trading. This association was to last three years, and Jean-Baptiste had the right to one quarter of the revenues. Having completed the work on Fort Saint-Pierre at Lac à la Pluie (Rainy Lake) that autumn, he spent a hard winter there with his cousin Christophe Dufrost de La Jemerais; the following spring he took a load of furs to Michilimackinac. In the autumn of 1732 he arrived at Fort Saint-Charles, which was then under construction, after being caught in the ice on Lac des Bois (Lake of the Woods) and forced to temporarily leave his cargo ten leagues from the fort. In the spring of 1733 he went with La Jemerais as far as the Barrière aux Esturgeons on the Ouinipigon (Winnipeg) River and apparently built a small fort there. He had to return to Fort Saint-Charles without completing his journey, however, because of the demands of the merchants, who refused to finance the building of new settlements. In September 1733 La Vérendrye (senior) sent him to Fort Saint-Pierre to meet the canoes from Montreal. He was back the following month.

In January 1734 he went with his father to Fort Saint-Pierre, where the Cree and Monsoni talked of nothing but war against the southern Sioux. The explorer succeeded in diffusing the situation, but he had to agree to leave them Jean-Baptiste as a witness and counsellor for another expedition that they were planning against the Mascouten, Winnebago, or Prairie Sioux. This took place in the spring of 1734, and Jean-Baptiste set out from Fort Saint-Charles with the Cree, who had “adopted” him as one of theirs, and the Monsoni; but as the Indigenous warriors did not conform to the conditions laid down by La Vérendrye to his son, Jean-Baptiste left the expedition. He then went to the Rivière Rouge (Red River) to build the first Fort Maurepas. At first intended for the Cree, this fort was about six miles to the north of what is now the town of Selkirk. Jean-Baptiste remained in charge of the fort until he was replaced by La Jemerais in the autumn of 1735. In a letter written in Fort Maurepas on 7 June 1735 to the governor, Charles de Beauharnois* de La Boische, Jean-Baptiste said: “I have established a fort at Lac Ouinipigon (Lake Winnipeg), five leagues up the Rivière Rouge.” According to La Jemerais, he came across 300 “lodges” there belonging to the Assiniboin, and obtained from them interesting information about the Mandan people.

In the meantime La Vérendrye (senior) was on his way to Montreal. On 18 May 1735, with Jean-Baptiste, Christophe Dufrost, and others, he formed a new commercial company to replace the earlier ones. Jean-Baptiste spent the winter of 1735–36 at Fort Saint-Charles. The situation was becoming very trying, for the merchants had not sent in time the merchandise agreed upon, and it had remained at Grand Portage. On 5 June Jean-Baptiste and 20 other Frenchmen, among them Father Aulneau, left Fort Saint-Charles to fetch provisions and the merchandise. The next morning, on a small island in Lac des Bois, they were all killed and decapitated by a group of Dakota warriors and their allies. It appears that the attack was made in retaliation for the French having broken a previous alliance with the Dakota. Jean-Baptiste’s father refused to allow the Cree, Monsoni, and Assiniboin to avenge his son’s death. The bodies of Jean-Baptiste and Father Aulneau, along with the heads belonging to the other members of the expedition, were later transported to Fort Saint-Charles and buried in the chapel.

Jean-Baptiste de La Vérendrye, who had ventured west at the age of 18, seemed particularly well qualified to help his father, who from the outset entrusted several important missions to him. His father wrote to the minister of Marine, Count de Maurepas, on 11 May 1733: “I contented myself [after the mutiny at Grand Portage in 1731] with sending my nephew who is my ‘second in command’, and my son who is my ‘third in command’ . . . to build a fort at Thekamamihouen or Lac de la Pluie . . .” Jean-Baptiste became “second in command” on La Jemerais’ death on 10 May 1736. He had learned the Monsoni language and served as an interpreter.

Jean-Baptiste de La Vérendrye’s share in the construction of Fort Maurepas makes him the equal of his father and, in some respects, one of the founders of the province of Manitoba.

Antoine Champagne